Review Notes

Today we went over the same slideshow we did yesterday. I took all my notes yesterday and wrote them all down. The ones I put down already were the ones Mr. Schick said would be on the test. I have to read over my notes and review them a couple times and really try to understand it, and I think I will be ready for this test.

• Feudalism

 -a term used by historians to describe the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors
-warriors also known as knights, would pledge his allegiance to the lord, who would in turn give that knight land
-The lord grants a fief(property) to the knight who would then become the lords "vassal"(servant) this was called the "feudal compact"

• Homeage and Knighthood

-the vassal would have to pay Homeage this meant kneeling down an taking the lords hand in his while speaking an oath of loyalty
-when knight died his fief reverts to his son, though if the son was underage or if it was a girl, the lord would get the land

• The Feudalization of the church

-Some of the clergy (priests) were known to fight as knights themselves
Feudal States
-Barons were lords to large areas of land
-In countries like France and England, the kings built up enough land and power to rule effectively over their barons
-In the case of France, the kings of England were vassals of the French King, their fiefs included Gascony, Aquitaine, and Normandy

• The Manorial Estate

-The medieval society was divided into three "estates" the clergy, the nobility, and the common people
-Usually the peasantry farmed and large plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or member of a clergy)
-Iron plows and water-powered grinding mills helped with agricultural production, but the yield was still minuscule by today's standards

• The People of the Manor

- The lady of the house ran the household operations, oversaw servants, entertained guests and ran the manor when her husband was away
-most peasants were serfs, meaning they were bound to the land and to their lords for "labor service" a few days each week

• The Location and appearance of towns

-Most medieval towns were surrounded by fortified walls
-residences also sprang up outside the walls in the suburbs
-towns were dominated by a main church and central marketplace
-buildings for the craft guilds and the wealthiest families would also be in the center of the town

• Life of townspeople

-Though the townspeople were free, unlike the serfs, they still had a hierarchy:merchants at the top, then skilled craftsmen and artisans, then unskilled laborers and apprentices

• The guilds

-Merchants, craftsmen and artisans formed their own groups called guilds which regulated their trade and protected its members

-craftsmen were classified as masters, journeymen, and apprentices

Sick

Today i was not in school because i didn't feel good, i will be texting mikhenize and getting all the notes I missed from her!

After Rome 500-700 AD

Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe

The Germanic Barbarians
* barbarian warlords and their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the "nobles" or aristocrats of medieval Europe
*Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer and assimilate other barbarian peoples who lived  beyond the frontiers and were still pagans
more Germanic Kingdoms...
*The angles and Saxons (from Denmark and northwestern Germany) invaded Britain and assimilated the native Britons
*Most of the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity in the seventh century
*The most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks
*but the real power lay with the "mayors of the palace" who were royal officials and nobles themselves

Meanwhile back in the Eastern Europe...
From "eastern empire" to "Byzantium"
*The Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the west was now divided up by the barbarian tribes
*When the emperor Justinian came to power in 527 he decided to reunite the entire Roman Empire by reconquering the western territories
*Justinian succeeded for a time, but the land he re-took was soon conquered by new barbarian tries and massive plague

Its a christian empire now
*Greek Byzantine emperors saw themselves as Roman emperors and the heads of the Christian Church
*Byzantines preserved Greco-Roman art, architecture, philosophy, and writing despite much of it being non-christian
*Justinian built the massive domed Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") in Constantinople considered to be the most glorious church on the earth at the time

Rome Fades Away

*The last two Emperors were Diocletian and Constantine under Diocletian it was okay to persecute Christians and 400,000 army and 20,000 officials and then under Constantine it was okay to be a Christian
*Constantine built a new capital in the east another name was "Byzantium", soon to be known as Constantinople
*Life in the fourth century (stuggle for peasants)

• - country dwellers are getting bankrupted for endless tax collection
• - new farming system; peasants work for elite landlords on large farms
• - peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting just as hard by the landlords
• -paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work(such a deal)
• - landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more power than faraway empire
• -foreshadowing feudalism

*The western Empire crumbles

• -Romes power is decreasing, while nomadic barbarians gain power
• -Western Empire is too poor, beings to be neglected
• -Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
• -Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
• -Vandals control Carthage and western Mediterranean

Other barbarian tribes

• -Ostrogoths in Italy
• -Franks in Gual
• -Angles and Saxons in Britian

End of Era

From the beginnings....

500 BC-the monarchy is established

450 BC- The Twelve Tables are established

Through the glory days....

44 BC- end of the line for Julius Caesar

27 BC- 180 AD- The roman peace (Pax Romana)

To the bitter end....

Constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling

The last emperor was a teenager boy installed in 475 by his father

Barbarians disposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him

Europe takes shape

*By 700 A.D. the kingdom of the Franks, once the most powerful state in western Europe, was seemingly falling apart. It was divided among rival kings of the Merovingian dynasty, each controlled by a "mayor of the palace" or head of the royal household
* Carolingian- Frankish dynasty founded by Charles Martel in the eighth century, as successors to the Merovingian
* Not long after Charles took power, he faced a historic challenge- and historic opportunity  when Arab invaders from Spain took over some of the kingdoms southern borderlands.
* Charlemagne- Descendant of Frankish barbarian invaders, warrior against heathens and Muslims, and holder of the revived office emperor, Charlemagne personified the merging of Germanic Christian, and Roman elements in the western European civilization.
*His hardest campaigns which some lasted thirty years, were against the Saxons.
*In the far south he hat attacked the nomadic nation of the A vars who had invaded central and eastern Europe in the sixth century
*As a christian ruler, he helped to strengthen the leadership of the Church and extend its activities
*He governed in local officials called counts- which was a local official who represented the crown in a given region presiding over the local court collecting fines, in the time of war, calling out warriors of the country.
*Some groups were separated and then lead by a duke- a royal official in charge of several counties came to be a hereditary title.
*Charlemagne made his capital at Aachen which was surrounded by a productive crown lands in the heart of the ancient Frankish territories.
*His palace chapel was the first important stone building to be made north of the Alps after the fall of Rome  it itself indicates the slow recovery of the West.
*Charlemagne was also concerned over the low level of education and scholarship in his realm and issued a decree instructing bishops and abbots to improve the training of clergy.
*The most dramatic eve of Charlemagne's rule was his coronation as "Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans" this event took place on Christmas day.

test tomorrow

Today we made up questions that would go on a test and Kenz and I wrote really bad questions on word. But we also copied as we went along to what everyone was saying. I am going to review all my blogs with notes from class and make sure everything is right. Hopefully I bring my grade up too!